The activities of the Nanostructures Laboratory lie at the interface of physics, chemistry and biology. Within ISIS we take the top-down approach to nanoscience, complementing the bottom-up techniques characteristic of the other laboratories of the institute. Our research utilizes state-of-the art nanofabrication and analysis techniques such as focused-ion-beam, e-beam, STEM, AFM, STM, and micro-optical spectroscopy. A fully equipped clean room is available for sample preparation. Presently our activities are centred around the following main themes: